Executive Summary

Caffeine/ephedra products: Individuals who consume caffeine/ephedra combinations increase their heart rate prior to, during and after exercise and raise their systolic blood pressure prior to exercise, placing "greater energy demands on [their] hearts," Katherine Kleinjan, et al., South Dakota State University, conclude. Researchers monitored ten "caffeine-naive" subjects administered 150 mg caffeine/20 mg ephedrine or placebo at 30 and 60 minutes after supplementation, at 10, 30 and 60 minutes after beginning cycling and after 15, 45 and 60 minutes of recovery for heart rate and blood pressure...